The following formula is involved in the calculation of Fisher's exact test probability values for a 2x2 contingency table:
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Probability for Fisher's exact test:

where a, b, c, and d are the number of observations in each cell of a 2x2 contingency table, and n is the total sample size.
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The following references can be used to cite this fisher's exact test calculator for a 2x2 contingency table:
 | Soper, D.S. (2012) "Fisher's Exact Test Calculator for a 2x2 Contingency Table (Online Software)", http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc3. |
 | Fisher, R. A. (1922) "On the interpretation of X2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85(1), pp. 87-94. |