The following formula is involved in the calculation of variances for indirect effects in mediation models:
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Variance of an indirect mediation effect:
where A is the regression coefficient for the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator, B is the regression coefficient for the relationship between the mediator and the dependent variable, SEA is the standard error of the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator, and SEB is the standard error of the relationship between the mediator variable and the dependent variable.
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The following references can be used to cite this variance calculator for an indirect mediation effect:
| Soper, D.S. (2013). Variance Calculator for an Indirect Mediation Effect [Software]. Available from http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc |
| Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, Vol. 13, pp. 290-312. |