where AB is the indirect mediation effect, z is a standard normal score, α is the Type I error rate, and SE_AB is the standard error of the indirect mediation effect.

where µ is the mean, σ is the standard deviation, and erf is the error function.

where A is the regression coefficient for the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator, B is the regression coefficient for the relationship between the mediator and the dependent variable, SE_A is the standard error of the relationship between the independent variable and the mediator, and SE_B is the standard error of the relationship between the mediator variable and the dependent variable.